Harvard Referencing Free Essays

The Harvard referencing framework It is significant that you distinguish in your evaluation when you are utilizing the words or thoughts of another creator. The most acknowledged method of recognizing crafted by another creator is to utilize a referencing framework. It is significant that you record the subtleties of your sources as you study. We will compose a custom paper test on Harvard Referencing or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now When taking notes, utilize a different page for each new book, diary article, or electronic source. At the highest point of each page, plainly record the accompanying data for future reference. For books, record: * The author’s or editor’s name (or names) * The year the book was distributed * The title of the book If it is a release other than the first * The city the book was distributed in * The name of the distributer For diary articles record: * The author’s name or names * The year wherein the diary was distributed * The title of the article * The title of the diary * The page number/s of the article in the diary * As a lot other data as you can discover about the diary, for instance the volume and issue numbers For electronic assets, attempt to gather the data on the left in the event that it is accessible, yet in addition record: * The date you got to the source * The electronic location or email The kind of electronic asset (email, conversation discussion , WWW page, and so on) Whenever you use somebody else’s thoughts or words, you should place in a reference. Direct citations †this is the point at which you duplicate another author’s material in exactly the same words. You should show the peruser that it is an immediate statement by setting the material in altered commas. Customarily, twofold reversed commas have been utilized (â€Å") yet it is currently worthy, and desirable over utilize single transformed commas (‘). Now and then it is hard to stay away from the immediate citation as the author’s words may exactly portray the point you are attempting to make. A model for direct statement from a book or diary article with one writer: When sorting out our time, Adair (1988: 51) states that ‘the focal point will in general be objectives and objectives’. Or then again When sorting out our time ‘the focal point will in general be objectives and objectives’ (Adair, 1988: 51). At the point when you take another author’s thoughts and put them into your own words. You are as yet duplicating somebody else’s work, so you should reference it. You don't have to utilize rearranged commas when you reword, yet you should obviously show the peruser the first wellspring of your data. The entirety of the sources you allude to in the principle body of your task should be recorded toward the finish of the task in a reference list. While making a reference list, the sources ought to be recorded in order by author’s last name, however when the creator is mysterious or obscure for any one source, embed that source in the in sequential order list utilizing the title of the source rather than the author’s name. All sources ought to be recorded together; there ought not be isolated records for books versus diary articles versus electronic sources. The reference rundown ought to be on a different page from the remainder of the task and ought to be basically named ‘References’ and the title ought to be in a similar text style and size as different headings in your task. At the point when you utilize the Harvard System, you are just normally required to create a reference list. It is commonly significant in the content of a task to show the peruser the author’s name, date of distribution and page quantities of the first source. In the reference show, it is significant that the author’s name, the time of distribution, pertinent titles, and different access data is dependably repeated. Branch of Lifelong Learning: Study Skills Series http://instruction. exeter. air conditioning. uk/dll/studyskills/harvard_referencing. htm Central Queensland University ESLS Unit (2001) Referencing: The Harvard referencing framework, [Online], Available: http://www. cqu. edu. au/edserv/undegrad/clc/content/assets. htm [14 Aug 2001] Lewis, D. (ed. ) (1999) The composed task, Brisbane: QUT Publications. Wells, D. (2001) Harvard referencing, [Online], Available: http://lisweb. curtin. edu. au/guides/presents/harvard. html [14 Aug 2001]. Step by step instructions to refer to Harvard Referencing, Essay models

Students` Satisfaction with Online Courses Research Paper

Understudies' Satisfaction with Online Courses - Research Paper Example what's more, is there a connection between's the recurrence of understudy and educator association and student’s fulfillment of online courses? A quantitative research will be directed to address these inquiries. The examination confirms that there is an immediate connection between's the recurrence of understudy Instructor collaboration and students’ fulfillment in online courses. Catchphrases: nursing, students’ fulfillment, on the web/e-learning. Area 1 Background of the Study The impacts and impacts of fast mechanical advancements penetrate all features of human associations in contemporary society. It keeps on rethinking and reshape the way where society tends to issues and concerns pertinent to its contemporary condition. In such manner, the scene of training is experiencing an extreme change as new advancements develop (Skiba, Connors and Jeffries, 2008). Essentially, one of the most clear changes happening is the democratization of learning (Dolence and N orris, 1995). Data innovation empowers individuals to access to information and data accessible whenever, while simultaneously, taking into consideration learning administrations to be given by non-conventional learning establishments (Skiba et al., 2008). In that capacity, advancements in data innovation make new ideal models in the substance of information, information the executives and information procurement (Norris, 1995). This setting makes a force for instruction when all is said in done and nursing training specifically to adjust to the requests of innovative changes as training proceeds with its development and become globalized (Skiba et al., 2008; Suarez-Orozco and Qin-Hilliard, 2004). Likewise, the interest for the reconciliation of data innovation in nursing training isn't just determined by mechanical turns of events, however it is additionally inspired by the expanding interest for medical caretakers to have capability in data innovation as it is fundamental in the p roficient release and the executives of care administrations to the patients (Mitchell et al., 2007). Be that as it may, on the web/e-learning isn't just about setting the modules and talks in the web or directing talks through web (Murray, 2003). It requires the thought of numerous variables, for example, data innovation experience both of the educator and understudies, financial status, learning styles, showing styles, aptitudes and trust in utilizing data innovation, specialized help and other comparative concerns (Cragg et al., 2003; Mitchell et al., 2007; Smith, 2002). In such manner, e-learning is a perplexing advancement in nursing training. All things considered, understanding nursing student’s fulfillment in on the web/e-learning may give a chance to upgrade both the nursing training and nursing practice. Motivation behind the Study The main role of this examination is to pick up data with respect to students’ fulfillment in on-line courses in Nursing. This ex amination is spurred by the expectation of creating of online courses that are responsive not exclusively to the difficulties of innovation to nursing instruction, yet in addition to the requests of innovation to the nursing calling. In like manner, the examination can help in deciding the adequacy of online courses from students’ point of view through knowing their fulfillment with the online courses. Thusly, opening the opportunities for the gathering among innovation and preferences of innovation in medicinal services, this as of recently, is by all accounts cloud (Booth et

14 of the Most Popular Employee Perks Job Perks Employees Love more than a Salary Raise

14 of the Most Popular Employee Perks â€" Job Perks Employees Love more than a Salary Raise Employers are taking employee enjoyment much more seriously â€" and for a good reason. According to a 700-person employee experiment, being happy at work actually boosts your productivity. If you are able to keep employees happy, you can benefit in terms of productivity and even financial gains. So, how can you achieve these happier and more productive employees?One of the easiest ways is by looking into employee perks â€" those additional benefits you can provide to your employees to keep them more satisfied in their roles. Rewards can help create a more positive and caring work environment. By providing perquisites, you tell to your employees that their wellbeing matters to you and that you are willing to listen to them â€" you put employee satisfaction above pure profit.These perks can be attractive to employees and in keeping those employees that already work for you committed in your business. If you provide good enough benefits and you focus on keeping employees happy, they are unlikely to want to leave. While salary increase is often the go-to perk, there are perks many employees actually love more than a salary raise. In fact, a Glassdoor employment survey said 4 in 5 employees want other benefits more than a pay increase. Let’s look at 14 of the most popular employee perks and examples of companies implementing them right now.THE PURE MONETARY PERKSIt goes without saying that money is an important employee perk. Who would ever say ‘no’ to a salary increase? But monetary perks are not just about the salary raise. Other purely monetary-based benefits exist for employers to provide to employees.1. Paid time offOn top of the list of employee perks workers want is paid time off. Everyone needs some time off from work but you don’t want it to cause you to suffer too much financially. If a company can provide both time off and to compensate financially for the break, it can attract plenty of workers. The Glassdoor employment survey showed 37% of employees appreciate paid time off more than a pure salary increase.The perk is also one that a lot of companies have jumped on board. TranswerWise makes sure its employees are able to attend an all-expenses paid holiday every year. In fact, the perk is slowly moving away from a few weeks of paid time-off to an unlimited amount of time. Yes, you read that right: companies are now offering employees the option to take as much time off from work as they want. Here’s Kathryn Minshew, CEO of the Muse, discussing why she thinks the perk is beneficial. Paid time off can also include paid sick days. There are still occasions where employees won’t receive any compensation for the days they need to take off for sickness. In fact, recently there have been news stories of companies charging employees that can’t find a replacement to cover for them when they need to take time off when ill. Therefore, an option to be sick without financial loss can seem lucrative for many.2. Performance bonusesEmployees also appreciate per formance bonuses. These are different from salary increase, as they tend to be one-off payments based on certain pre-determined metrics. The bonus is either based on the company performing well â€" a bonus paid for all employees if the company profits go up â€" or on the performance of the individual employee â€" a bonus based on achieving specific sales targets.Software company Huddle is an example as it gives employees around $6,000 joining bonus and an annual $600 gift. Interestingly, the performance bonus might not always relate to work performance. CloudApps has implemented a system of ‘green bonuses’, which are rewards given to employees for taking positive environmental actions, such as recycling at work.3. Retirement and pension plansEmployees are not just interested in monetary perks that support them in the current situation. Smart employees are also looking for future â€" securing their retirement is an important part of financial planning. It’s not a surprise then to find retirement and pension plans at the top of popular employee perks. The benefit is about providing employment with a proper retirement or pension plan or some sort of other financial incentive for the future.The list of companies that offer some sort of retirement plan is a long one â€" again, showing it is such a popular perk. Quartz listed companies that offer defined-benefit pensions plans in 2016, with the list featuring companies such as Johnson Johnson and Prudential Financial Inc.THE PERKS TO STAY HEALTHYHealthy employees are happy employees. When it comes to employee perks, health-related benefits are becoming more popular. These can boost employee performance and help them feel more valued as well.4. Medical insuranceHealthcare provision is not quite the same around the world. Some countries provide quality healthcare without much cost to the person, while others require you to pay for your own healthcare through insurance payments and other such systems.The mixture of healthcare and the regional differences have turned medical insurance into a popular employee perk. In the Glassdoor survey, additional medical insurance provided by the employer actually scored the top spot. Employees want to stay healthy and they appreciate it when the employer is willing to help them.Aside from pure medical insurance, dental insurance has become a popular perk. Allen Overy, the UK-based law firm, provides on-site dentistry, ensuring employees’ teeth are in top-notch condition at all times. Indeed, the opportunity to visit a doctor on-site is a popular perk, especially if part of the costs are covered by the employer.5. Gym and other such member programsOf course, you can stay healthy by staying fit and employers have understood the benefit of keeping their workforce in good condition. The healthier your employees are, the less you lose money on sick days. The revelation has led to the increase in employee perks such as gym membership programs.It doesn’t need to be a gym necessarily, wellness programs whether it’s yoga or spinning are popular. Some organizations have on-site fitness facilities while others simply provide vouchers to the local gyms and fitness centers. Pentland Brands offers an on-site swimming pool, gym and even a football pitch to help employees stay healthy and fit.Another interesting take on this health perk is the support companies can provide for keeping fit. An UK developer of online games provides its staff free bicycle repairs â€" it acts as an incentive for employees to cycle to work and maintain better health. Jagex has had quite a success with this unusual take on this health-related employee reward.Naomi Pelley, regional director in Account Management, has given an interesting interview on the benefits of helping employees stay fit, especially in terms of stress management: 6. Extra time-offFinally, aside from keeping employees fit and ensuring they have access to proper healthcare, employers have also understood the value of extra time-off. You can recharge your batteries by simply switching off for a bit and allowing your mind and body to rest. As mentioned in the previous section, employees appreciate extra time-off from work, especially if they don’t lose out financially during the break.The extra time-off can be proper vacation time or it can be the option to take a few extra hours of or to get an extra day off near a holiday. For example, insurance company Swinton Insurance provides its employees with an additional day off to do Christmas shopping.These sorts of extra moments away from work can be crucial for staying healthy and motivated and are definitely among the favorite employee perks companies can provide.THE PERKS TO PERFORM BETTERGood employees are passionate about their work and they want to help the business to succeed. Therefore, it can be easy to attract employees with benefits that boost their work performance and make working just a bit smoother.7. Flexible scheduleNine to five work hours are clearly becoming a thing of the past. Studies have shown that productivity can go up if employees are able to be more flexible about when and where they work. This kind of flexible scheduling of work is quickly increasing in popularity when it comes to employee perks. Employees appreciate if they are able to:Occasionally work from homeDecide their own work hours with more flexibilityLeave the office to work from a café or a local library, for exampleThe perk has gained popularity among companies. The consumer goods giant Colgate-Palmolive allows its employees to set up flexible work hours, ensuring they can start later or work more on certain days, while spending less time in the office on others.8. Free development programs and coursesAs mentioned at the start of the section, employees who are passionate about their job want to improve their skillset â€" they appreciate companies that push them to improve and support them during the process. Em ployee perks like development programs for skills and courses that support career development are therefore popular options aside from a salary increase.Companies could provide free seminars that develop skills the employees use as part of their job or allow the personnel to take courses on skills like leadership. The perks are popular because they provide the employee with more potential to earn more in the future!Culture Amp recently listen 10 companies that help employees increase their future career potential. The list included companies such as:Pixar, which provides both required training programs as well as optional classes on a variety of disciplines for employeesEtsy, which has employees take classes on things like tap dancing and communicationDigital Ocean, with its individual development program for each employee9. Tuition coverage of reimbursementRelated closely to the above point is an employee reward under which the company provides tuition coverage or reimbursement for its employees. This is popular, especially in countries where higher education is not cheap.The benefit is about the company covering some or all of the cost of education the employee has either gone through or will go through. It can be a great way for the company to attract highly educated people and it can ensure employees are willing to re-educate themselves furtherPharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline announced back in 2011, it would pay off tuition fees for graduates, as part of its response to the government’s decision to increase tuition fees in England. The commitment only lasted for two years, but its popularity shows that employees definitely appreciate perks like this.10. Commuter assistanceEven when you enjoy and love your work, you don’t necessarily love getting to work. Crowded cities and failing infrastructure in many places in the world have made commuting a rather painful experience. Getting to work is not always easy and it definitely isn’t cheap â€" help from the employer will be greatly appreciated.Commuter assistance can range from things such as company shuttle service that gets employees from home to work to financial assistance to cover the cost of train or bus tickets. Microsoft is among those well-known companies that have understood the advantage of commuter assistance. The tech-giant offers free bus-services and free cycle tune-ups for those that cycle to work, for example.11. Volunteer timeEmployees also appreciate companies with a social conscience. The ability to do good for your community can be an attraction to working in a specific company, with companies also benefitting from its workforce doing good. It can build a better business reputation, but also help employees feel better at their own work. Therefore, a perk such as the ability to volunteer is popular among the modern workforce.The Body Shop is one of the companies that understands the power of this perk. The beauty product company allows its employees to volu nteer for three days a year for causes they care about. The time-off from work doesn’t cost anything for the employee â€" it’s like paid time-off, but instead of going on a holiday, these employees do something good in the neighborhood.THE PERKS TO RELAX AND UNWINDSome perks are quite quirky. Those rather small gestures that can make the employee feel more relaxed at work and those that can help them unwind.11. Office perksOffice perks are popular and range from the common â€" such as relaxed dress-code on Friday â€" to the unusual â€" such as the ability to play table football during the work day.The main idea behind office perks is to make the work environment a bit more fun and to take things less seriously. It’s about generating an atmosphere of laughter and comradely. So, what are the most common office-based employee perks companies offer? They include:Smart casual dress code, either at all times or for a specific dayFree office treats like cakes, healthy food or drinksA llowing the employees to unwind during the day, including provision of time-off for naps or walks to parksOffice games and other such additions to make the environment more relaxed and playfulGoogle’s offices are perhaps among the best examples of office perks for employees. The headquarters have free cafeterias, sleeping pods and even a giant slide to play with. Check out this introductory video to understand more: Furthermore, software company Jive Software offers an example of these quirky office rewards. The company offers free food, such as Bacon Thursday, to keep its employees happy and hunger-free!12. Employee discountsThe other example of quirky perks include employee discounts companies can offer. These are not just discounts to use the company’s own services, but special discounts employees can enjoy when going out or shopping for things.The most popular option is discounts to shop at specific retailers. ASOS staff benefit 40% off from online shopping, for example. Aut oTrader UK has started a wine club that delivers cheaper wine to its employees each month.The discounts can also be applied for specific events, such as cheaper cinema tickets, concert tickets or sports tickets. Some companies even offer a stipend that helps employees enjoy cheaper travel. Airbnb gives staff up to $2,000 in travel vouchers â€" a great way to help employees experience the world and unwind.THE FAMILY PERKSFinally, there are certain perks that attract to employees with families or those that are planning to start one in the near future. Family-related benefits are popular because they allow employees to have the career of their dreams and have a family at the same time.13. Paid maternal/paternal leaveDepending on the country you live, your rights might differ a great deal when it comes to work and having a family. While Finnish mothers are able to enjoy over 16 weeks of paid maternity leave, new mothers in the US aren’t in as strong legal position when it comes to pa id maternity leave.What’s more, Finnish fathers also get up to six weeks of paid paternity leave, while again, the US dads are left for fighting for time-off. It’s no wonder than parents in countries like the US are impressed if the company voluntarily offers paid maternal or paternal leave. It will ensure having a baby isn’t a financial liability and takes a bit of the stress away from starting a family.A lot of companies have understood the value of paid maternal and paternal leave. Netflix is among the companies that provide up to 12 months of paid parental leave â€" for both mothers and fathers.14. Childcare assistanceParents also appreciate help after it’s time to get back to work. Organizing childcare isn’t easy â€" sometimes the child is sick, the work hours might be unexpectedly long and so on. Not to mention, the cost of childcare can place quite a burden on parents.Therefore, when it comes to childcare assistance as an employment perk, two specific benefits are a t the top of the list:On-site childcare facilities â€" allow the parents to check up on the kids during the work day and it gives extra guarantees everything are going well with the kids. On-site childcare can also make the commute easier, as you don’t need to drop off the kids at a different location.Financial assistance to organize childcare â€" could be vouchers that cut down the cost of childcare or specific bonuses for slashing the prices.CA Technologies is an example of an employer that has taken this perk seriously. The American software company provides on-site day care service for company employees’ children. THE BOTTOM LINEWhile it would be hard to find an employee who says ‘no’ to a salary raise, there are a number of other perks that can weigh more in making a specific company seem more attractive.The above 14 employee perks are popular, often more so than a pure salary increase. They are attractive because they help the employee succeed better at work and at ho me â€" they make life easier and happier. Therefore, companies should pay attention to employee satisfaction â€" happier employees are more productive.Perhaps more importantly, companies should understand that it isn’t just the paycheck that matters, proper rewards can make the workplace seem attractive and help the employees feel passionate about the company and its mission.

14 of the Most Popular Employee Perks Job Perks Employees Love more than a Salary Raise

14 of the Most Popular Employee Perks â€" Job Perks Employees Love more than a Salary Raise Employers are taking employee enjoyment much more seriously â€" and for a good reason. According to a 700-person employee experiment, being happy at work actually boosts your productivity. If you are able to keep employees happy, you can benefit in terms of productivity and even financial gains. So, how can you achieve these happier and more productive employees?One of the easiest ways is by looking into employee perks â€" those additional benefits you can provide to your employees to keep them more satisfied in their roles. Rewards can help create a more positive and caring work environment. By providing perquisites, you tell to your employees that their wellbeing matters to you and that you are willing to listen to them â€" you put employee satisfaction above pure profit.These perks can be attractive to employees and in keeping those employees that already work for you committed in your business. If you provide good enough benefits and you focus on keeping employees happy, they are unlikely to want to leave. While salary increase is often the go-to perk, there are perks many employees actually love more than a salary raise. In fact, a Glassdoor employment survey said 4 in 5 employees want other benefits more than a pay increase. Let’s look at 14 of the most popular employee perks and examples of companies implementing them right now.THE PURE MONETARY PERKSIt goes without saying that money is an important employee perk. Who would ever say ‘no’ to a salary increase? But monetary perks are not just about the salary raise. Other purely monetary-based benefits exist for employers to provide to employees.1. Paid time offOn top of the list of employee perks workers want is paid time off. Everyone needs some time off from work but you don’t want it to cause you to suffer too much financially. If a company can provide both time off and to compensate financially for the break, it can attract plenty of workers. The Glassdoor employment survey showed 37% of employees appreciate paid time off more than a pure salary increase.The perk is also one that a lot of companies have jumped on board. TranswerWise makes sure its employees are able to attend an all-expenses paid holiday every year. In fact, the perk is slowly moving away from a few weeks of paid time-off to an unlimited amount of time. Yes, you read that right: companies are now offering employees the option to take as much time off from work as they want. Here’s Kathryn Minshew, CEO of the Muse, discussing why she thinks the perk is beneficial. Paid time off can also include paid sick days. There are still occasions where employees won’t receive any compensation for the days they need to take off for sickness. In fact, recently there have been news stories of companies charging employees that can’t find a replacement to cover for them when they need to take time off when ill. Therefore, an option to be sick without financial loss can seem lucrative for many.2. Performance bonusesEmployees also appreciate per formance bonuses. These are different from salary increase, as they tend to be one-off payments based on certain pre-determined metrics. The bonus is either based on the company performing well â€" a bonus paid for all employees if the company profits go up â€" or on the performance of the individual employee â€" a bonus based on achieving specific sales targets.Software company Huddle is an example as it gives employees around $6,000 joining bonus and an annual $600 gift. Interestingly, the performance bonus might not always relate to work performance. CloudApps has implemented a system of ‘green bonuses’, which are rewards given to employees for taking positive environmental actions, such as recycling at work.3. Retirement and pension plansEmployees are not just interested in monetary perks that support them in the current situation. Smart employees are also looking for future â€" securing their retirement is an important part of financial planning. It’s not a surprise then to find retirement and pension plans at the top of popular employee perks. The benefit is about providing employment with a proper retirement or pension plan or some sort of other financial incentive for the future.The list of companies that offer some sort of retirement plan is a long one â€" again, showing it is such a popular perk. Quartz listed companies that offer defined-benefit pensions plans in 2016, with the list featuring companies such as Johnson Johnson and Prudential Financial Inc.THE PERKS TO STAY HEALTHYHealthy employees are happy employees. When it comes to employee perks, health-related benefits are becoming more popular. These can boost employee performance and help them feel more valued as well.4. Medical insuranceHealthcare provision is not quite the same around the world. Some countries provide quality healthcare without much cost to the person, while others require you to pay for your own healthcare through insurance payments and other such systems.The mixture of healthcare and the regional differences have turned medical insurance into a popular employee perk. In the Glassdoor survey, additional medical insurance provided by the employer actually scored the top spot. Employees want to stay healthy and they appreciate it when the employer is willing to help them.Aside from pure medical insurance, dental insurance has become a popular perk. Allen Overy, the UK-based law firm, provides on-site dentistry, ensuring employees’ teeth are in top-notch condition at all times. Indeed, the opportunity to visit a doctor on-site is a popular perk, especially if part of the costs are covered by the employer.5. Gym and other such member programsOf course, you can stay healthy by staying fit and employers have understood the benefit of keeping their workforce in good condition. The healthier your employees are, the less you lose money on sick days. The revelation has led to the increase in employee perks such as gym membership programs.It doesn’t need to be a gym necessarily, wellness programs whether it’s yoga or spinning are popular. Some organizations have on-site fitness facilities while others simply provide vouchers to the local gyms and fitness centers. Pentland Brands offers an on-site swimming pool, gym and even a football pitch to help employees stay healthy and fit.Another interesting take on this health perk is the support companies can provide for keeping fit. An UK developer of online games provides its staff free bicycle repairs â€" it acts as an incentive for employees to cycle to work and maintain better health. Jagex has had quite a success with this unusual take on this health-related employee reward.Naomi Pelley, regional director in Account Management, has given an interesting interview on the benefits of helping employees stay fit, especially in terms of stress management: 6. Extra time-offFinally, aside from keeping employees fit and ensuring they have access to proper healthcare, employers have also understood the value of extra time-off. You can recharge your batteries by simply switching off for a bit and allowing your mind and body to rest. As mentioned in the previous section, employees appreciate extra time-off from work, especially if they don’t lose out financially during the break.The extra time-off can be proper vacation time or it can be the option to take a few extra hours of or to get an extra day off near a holiday. For example, insurance company Swinton Insurance provides its employees with an additional day off to do Christmas shopping.These sorts of extra moments away from work can be crucial for staying healthy and motivated and are definitely among the favorite employee perks companies can provide.THE PERKS TO PERFORM BETTERGood employees are passionate about their work and they want to help the business to succeed. Therefore, it can be easy to attract employees with benefits that boost their work performance and make working just a bit smoother.7. Flexible scheduleNine to five work hours are clearly becoming a thing of the past. Studies have shown that productivity can go up if employees are able to be more flexible about when and where they work. This kind of flexible scheduling of work is quickly increasing in popularity when it comes to employee perks. Employees appreciate if they are able to:Occasionally work from homeDecide their own work hours with more flexibilityLeave the office to work from a café or a local library, for exampleThe perk has gained popularity among companies. The consumer goods giant Colgate-Palmolive allows its employees to set up flexible work hours, ensuring they can start later or work more on certain days, while spending less time in the office on others.8. Free development programs and coursesAs mentioned at the start of the section, employees who are passionate about their job want to improve their skillset â€" they appreciate companies that push them to improve and support them during the process. Em ployee perks like development programs for skills and courses that support career development are therefore popular options aside from a salary increase.Companies could provide free seminars that develop skills the employees use as part of their job or allow the personnel to take courses on skills like leadership. The perks are popular because they provide the employee with more potential to earn more in the future!Culture Amp recently listen 10 companies that help employees increase their future career potential. The list included companies such as:Pixar, which provides both required training programs as well as optional classes on a variety of disciplines for employeesEtsy, which has employees take classes on things like tap dancing and communicationDigital Ocean, with its individual development program for each employee9. Tuition coverage of reimbursementRelated closely to the above point is an employee reward under which the company provides tuition coverage or reimbursement for its employees. This is popular, especially in countries where higher education is not cheap.The benefit is about the company covering some or all of the cost of education the employee has either gone through or will go through. It can be a great way for the company to attract highly educated people and it can ensure employees are willing to re-educate themselves furtherPharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline announced back in 2011, it would pay off tuition fees for graduates, as part of its response to the government’s decision to increase tuition fees in England. The commitment only lasted for two years, but its popularity shows that employees definitely appreciate perks like this.10. Commuter assistanceEven when you enjoy and love your work, you don’t necessarily love getting to work. Crowded cities and failing infrastructure in many places in the world have made commuting a rather painful experience. Getting to work is not always easy and it definitely isn’t cheap â€" help from the employer will be greatly appreciated.Commuter assistance can range from things such as company shuttle service that gets employees from home to work to financial assistance to cover the cost of train or bus tickets. Microsoft is among those well-known companies that have understood the advantage of commuter assistance. The tech-giant offers free bus-services and free cycle tune-ups for those that cycle to work, for example.11. Volunteer timeEmployees also appreciate companies with a social conscience. The ability to do good for your community can be an attraction to working in a specific company, with companies also benefitting from its workforce doing good. It can build a better business reputation, but also help employees feel better at their own work. Therefore, a perk such as the ability to volunteer is popular among the modern workforce.The Body Shop is one of the companies that understands the power of this perk. The beauty product company allows its employees to volu nteer for three days a year for causes they care about. The time-off from work doesn’t cost anything for the employee â€" it’s like paid time-off, but instead of going on a holiday, these employees do something good in the neighborhood.THE PERKS TO RELAX AND UNWINDSome perks are quite quirky. Those rather small gestures that can make the employee feel more relaxed at work and those that can help them unwind.11. Office perksOffice perks are popular and range from the common â€" such as relaxed dress-code on Friday â€" to the unusual â€" such as the ability to play table football during the work day.The main idea behind office perks is to make the work environment a bit more fun and to take things less seriously. It’s about generating an atmosphere of laughter and comradely. So, what are the most common office-based employee perks companies offer? They include:Smart casual dress code, either at all times or for a specific dayFree office treats like cakes, healthy food or drinksA llowing the employees to unwind during the day, including provision of time-off for naps or walks to parksOffice games and other such additions to make the environment more relaxed and playfulGoogle’s offices are perhaps among the best examples of office perks for employees. The headquarters have free cafeterias, sleeping pods and even a giant slide to play with. Check out this introductory video to understand more: Furthermore, software company Jive Software offers an example of these quirky office rewards. The company offers free food, such as Bacon Thursday, to keep its employees happy and hunger-free!12. Employee discountsThe other example of quirky perks include employee discounts companies can offer. These are not just discounts to use the company’s own services, but special discounts employees can enjoy when going out or shopping for things.The most popular option is discounts to shop at specific retailers. ASOS staff benefit 40% off from online shopping, for example. Aut oTrader UK has started a wine club that delivers cheaper wine to its employees each month.The discounts can also be applied for specific events, such as cheaper cinema tickets, concert tickets or sports tickets. Some companies even offer a stipend that helps employees enjoy cheaper travel. Airbnb gives staff up to $2,000 in travel vouchers â€" a great way to help employees experience the world and unwind.THE FAMILY PERKSFinally, there are certain perks that attract to employees with families or those that are planning to start one in the near future. Family-related benefits are popular because they allow employees to have the career of their dreams and have a family at the same time.13. Paid maternal/paternal leaveDepending on the country you live, your rights might differ a great deal when it comes to work and having a family. While Finnish mothers are able to enjoy over 16 weeks of paid maternity leave, new mothers in the US aren’t in as strong legal position when it comes to pa id maternity leave.What’s more, Finnish fathers also get up to six weeks of paid paternity leave, while again, the US dads are left for fighting for time-off. It’s no wonder than parents in countries like the US are impressed if the company voluntarily offers paid maternal or paternal leave. It will ensure having a baby isn’t a financial liability and takes a bit of the stress away from starting a family.A lot of companies have understood the value of paid maternal and paternal leave. Netflix is among the companies that provide up to 12 months of paid parental leave â€" for both mothers and fathers.14. Childcare assistanceParents also appreciate help after it’s time to get back to work. Organizing childcare isn’t easy â€" sometimes the child is sick, the work hours might be unexpectedly long and so on. Not to mention, the cost of childcare can place quite a burden on parents.Therefore, when it comes to childcare assistance as an employment perk, two specific benefits are a t the top of the list:On-site childcare facilities â€" allow the parents to check up on the kids during the work day and it gives extra guarantees everything are going well with the kids. On-site childcare can also make the commute easier, as you don’t need to drop off the kids at a different location.Financial assistance to organize childcare â€" could be vouchers that cut down the cost of childcare or specific bonuses for slashing the prices.CA Technologies is an example of an employer that has taken this perk seriously. The American software company provides on-site day care service for company employees’ children. THE BOTTOM LINEWhile it would be hard to find an employee who says ‘no’ to a salary raise, there are a number of other perks that can weigh more in making a specific company seem more attractive.The above 14 employee perks are popular, often more so than a pure salary increase. They are attractive because they help the employee succeed better at work and at ho me â€" they make life easier and happier. Therefore, companies should pay attention to employee satisfaction â€" happier employees are more productive.Perhaps more importantly, companies should understand that it isn’t just the paycheck that matters, proper rewards can make the workplace seem attractive and help the employees feel passionate about the company and its mission.

The Realities of Social Inequalities - 1658 Words

The concept of class stratification in relation to the average person within the US tends to be confused by the promises the United States advertises: a land of opportunity where if you work hard enough, you can achieve your dreams of wealth and prosperity, despite your background. It is reported that most Americans, 42 %, believe that they fall within the middle class (Gallup Poll, 2012). However according to a report released by the Pew Research, the middle class has experienced shrinking and there has been an increase in the number of people reporting identification with the lower-middle and lower classes (Pew Research 2012). Additionally, the so-labeled â€Å"Free World,† is often depicted as one that promotes equality. However, complete gender equality, like other ideals the US holds dear, are not fully practiced within society. It is widely said that â€Å"females make 75 cents to their male counterparts dollar† (Hegewisch, Williams 2013). The subject of societal inequalities has provoked great debate and consequently been approached by a number theories to explain, and at times justify, the realities we face as a society on a daily basis. Two such approaches, Functionalism and Conflict Theory have taken opposing but compelling stances on deciphering the reasoning behind the inequalities present in todays society. A clearly defined class structure exists within the United States and can be tied to the issue of income inequality. The upper class (earning $300,000)Show MoreRelatedThe Works Of Richard Robbins : Global Problem And The Culture Of Capitalism1268 Words   |  6 PagesAllan Johnson, Privilege, Power, and Difference, address privilege, inequality, and capitalism through sociological and historical references. Through reading and analyzing these works along with our class lectures it has become apparent that there is a clear relationship between these systems. 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This inequality is illegitimate in divine abode of Rousseau’s state of nature, but property develops constructed legitimacy â€Å"since inequality is practically nonexistent in the state of nature, it derives its force and growth from the development of our faculties and the progress of the human mind, and eventually becomes stable and legitimate through the establishment of property and laws† (91). It is important to note here that Rousseau does not legitimize codifying natural inequality; he explainsRead MorePersepolis And The Kite Runner853 Words   |  4 Pagessheds some light also on ‘social reality’† (22). Ultimately, readers are able to gain insight to the social realities of the characters’ nation states in both novels. Persepolis allows re aders to learn about women and femininity in Iran’s culture while The Kite Runner provides readers with the social reality of men and masculinity in Afghanistan’s culture. 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Symbolic interaction works on communication and social change as a consequence. The three paradigms are completely different from each other in a social point of view. The macro-sociological paradigms view America as an inequality state. The social conflict paradigm fits todays society. The functionalist paradigm focuses on the integrationRead MoreAnalysis Of Persepolis And The Kite Runner 1023 Words   |  5 Pagessheds some light also on ‘social reality’† (22). Ultimately, readers are able to gain insight to the social realities of the characters’ nation states in both novels. Persepolis allows readers to learn about women and femininity in Iran’s culture while The Kite Runner provides readers with the social reality of men and masculinity in Afghanistan’s culture. Readers are told the story of Persepolis through the eyes and journey of Marjane (Marji). One example of the social reality of Iran that Persepolis

Operation Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 212 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2018/12/27 Category Management Essay Type Assignment Level High school Tags: Organization Essay Did you like this example? Operation management connotes to the process of administering practices related to business with the aim of creating the highest level of efficiency possible within an organization. When carrying out an operation management, there are three factors that the administrator considers. These factors include; the work process of the team, the training that the different employees have gone through in the organization and finally the scheduling in the body. This paper endeavors to bring to various light issues in operation management. Firstly, it concentrates on why estimations are correct for classes or groups of items compared to individual elements. Secondly, it seeks to describe the three pros of quantitative forecasting methods, the three process of qualitative forecasting methods. It goes ahead to discuss why marketing is essential in making capacity decisions and finally how much safety stock the management keeps on hand. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Operation Management" essay for you Create order Beginning with why estimations are correct for families of products rather than particular products. It of importance to note that characteristics of specific products in a class is different even if the class has shared features. It makes it easier to make forecast even if components of individual item changes because not all the items can have a change in their characteristic at the same time thus making group forecasting appropriate.

The Pulmonary Function Tests Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Development of our state has lead to rapid urbanisation and there is addition usage of cars that is worsening environmental pollution. Occupational exposure to automobile fumes and industrial fumes has been shown to impact operation of different systems of the organic structure. The present survey was taken up to measure the Pulmonary Function Tests ( PFT ) in car jinrikisha drivers of Gulbarga metropolis. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pulmonary Function Tests Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Methods: Fifty non -smoker male car drivers in the age group of 20-50 old ages for more than 5 old ages of car driving experience formed the survey group. Age and sex matched persons non exposed to car rickshaw driving [ administrative staff ] formed the control group. Pulmonary map parametric quantities FVC, FEV1, FEV1 % , PEFR, PIFR, FEF25-75, FEF50 and MVV were assessed utilizing computerized Spiro metre during their on the job hours and were statistically analyzed. Consequences: There was a extremely important lessening in FVC and FEV1 in survey group compared to command group. The lessening in FEV1 % , PIFR, FEF25-75 and FEF50 were statistically important but the lessening in PEFR and MVV were statistically non-significant. Decision: Our findings point towards the inauspicious effects of vehicle fumes on lung maps, chiefly on lower air passages with restrictive form of disease. Keywords: Cars, Auto drivers, Pulmonary maps trials. Introduction Numerous epidemiological surveies have documented decreases in pneumonic map and assorted other wellness jobs associated with long term air pollution exposure1.Health effects of occupational exposure to crude oil bluess and air pollution from vehicular beginnings is comparatively undiscovered among car jinrikisha drivers. To run into the present twenty-four hours demand, there is an addition car usage and because of the prevailing function of gasolene [ gasoline ] as a motor vehicle fuel, the effects of gasolene engine emanations are potentially even greater jobs. In the individuals exposed to these pollutants, pneumonic map trials are used as testing trials to find their effects2.Therefore, the present survey is taken up to measure the alterations in Pulmonary Function Tests ( PFTs ) like Forced Vital Capacity ( FVC ) , Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second ( FEV1 ) , FEV1/FVC ratio, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ( PEFR ) , Peak Inspiratory Flow Rate ( PIFR ) , Forced Expiratory Flow in 25-75 % of critical capacity ( FEF25-75 ) , Forced Expiratory Flow at 50 % of critical capacity ( FEF50 ) and Maximum Voluntary Ventilation ( MVV ) of car jinrikisha drivers in Gulbarga metropolis. Materials A ; Methods: The present survey was conducted in Salgar infirmary of Gulbarga metropolis. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Ethical Committee and each topic gave the consent. The survey group consisted of 50 males in the age group of 20-50 twelvemonth, who were driving car jinrikisha for 8 hours per twenty-four hours for more than 5 old ages in Gulbarga metropolis. The control group consisted of 50 males of same age group from administrative station, who were non exposed to car jinrikisha drive. The topics chosen in the survey and the control group had no history of allergic upsets, respiratory upsets like asthma, or any systemic disease, no history of smoke, masticating baccy and consumption of intoxicant. Age, tallness, and weight were recorded. All the Pulmonary maps were tested during twenty-four hours clip utilizing computerized Spiro metre [ MEDSPIROR ] .The topics were familiarized with the instrument. All the trials were carried out at the same clip of the twenty-four hours, between 10-11 AM. All the topics were in sitting place and have oning nose clips3. The topics were asked to take a breath forcefully following deep inspiration into the mouthpiece attached to the pneumatachometer. 3 trails of maximum Inspiratory and expiratory attempts were made and the best reading was taken for statistical analysis. Statistical method used in our survey was pupil ‘s odd T trial utilizing SPSS-16. The P lt ; 0.05 was considered statistically important and P lt ; 0.001 wa s considered extremely statistically important. Consequences: The average value of the ages of the topics was 36.4AÂ ±7.40 and that the average value of the controls was 34.8AÂ ±3.76. The average value of the highs of the topics was 170.40 AÂ ± 3.39 and the average value of the controls was 174.60 AÂ ± 4.15 and the average value of the weights of the topics was 72.60 AÂ ± 7.56 and that of the controls was 74.40 AÂ ± 8.24. The topics and controls did non differ significantly on above parametric quantities. Table-1: Comparison of lung volumes and capacities between survey and control groups Parameter Study group ( n=50 ) Mean AÂ ±SD Control group ( n=50 ) Mean AÂ ±SD p-value FVC ( L ) 2.77AÂ ±0.41 3.33AÂ ±0.50 0.001** FEV1 ( L ) 2.67AÂ ±0.46 3.11AÂ ±0.33 0.001** FEV1 % 88.25AÂ ±13.34 90.31AÂ ±10.12 0.050* MVV ( L/min ) 110.80AÂ ±18.63 130.16AÂ ±26.89 0.059 *P value lt ; 0.05 is statistically Significant, **P value lt ; 0.001 is extremely statistically Significant Table-2: Comparison of flow rates among survey and control groups Parameter Study group ( n=50 ) Mean AÂ ±SD Control group ( n=50 ) Mean AÂ ±SD P value PEFR ( L/min ) 5.47AÂ ±1.40 7.05AÂ ±1.59 0.15 PIFR ( L/min ) 2.21AÂ ±0.67 3.61AÂ ±1.10 0.04* FEF25-75 ( L/min ) 3.60AÂ ±1.33 4.85AÂ ±1.11 0.04* FEF50 ( L/min ) 4.16AÂ ±1.22 5.17AÂ ±1.32 0.05* *P value lt ; 0.05 indicates statistically Significant value. Discussion: Occupational wellness has been deriving importance for the fact that long term exposure to vehicle fumes, gasoline and dust can take to a lasting morbidity. The acute wellness hazards involved are minimum, provided that the precautional methods are used in conformity with appropriate wellness and safety patterns. Highly statistically important lessening in FVC and FEV1 was observed in car drivers when compared to their controls, and their ratio ( FEV1 % ) was important between the two groups. This determination indicates the restrictive form of pneumonic engagement in the survey group. Auto jinrikisha drivers are at hazard of dust inspiration, gasoline vapour inspiration and besides inspiration of car fumes for a longer period of clip that is at least 8 hours per twenty-four hours for more than one twelvemonth and they have more opportunities of chronic engagement of lungs as indicated by the consequences in the present survey. The benzine content of gasoline has typically been in the scope 1-5 % may be an aggravating factor for the lung map abnormalcies observed as the survey groups were nonsmokers. Smoking as an independent variable was found to impact FEV1 significantly and smoke has shown to speed up the diminution in lung map in a clip dependent manner4. As the car drivers are most of th e clip on busy roads and exposed to automobile fumes and other air pollutants. Automobile fumes is a complex mixture of different gases like Sculpture dioxide ( SO2 ) , Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide ( CO ) , Nitrogen dioxide ( NO2 ) and particulate affair. Some surveies have demonstrated that exposure to particulate affair combined with exposure to an irritant gas such as NO2 consequences in greater harm to the lung than when exposed to either substances individually5.In combination with particulate pollutants, SO2 and NO2 have a greater opportunity to make the deeper parts of the lungs. The gaseous pollutants may besides change the belongingss and concentration of surfactant and contribute to the early closing of little air passages. Much of the terminal bronchioles may be compromised before other pneumonic map trials such as FEV1 are affected6. Few histopathological surveies have provided grounds that the little air passages are the site of harm in people populating in countries of high air pollution7. Atoms generated from Diesel fumes are highly little and are present in the karyon or accretion manners with diameter of 0.02 am and 0.2 am severally. These little sized atoms, by virtuousness of their greater surface country to mass ratio, can transport a much larger fraction of toxic compounds, such as hydrocarbons and metals on their surface. Importantly they can stay airborne for long periods of clip and acquire deposited in greater Numberss and deeper into the lungs than big sized atoms. Hence chronic exposure to them can take to chronic redness of respiratory piece of land and lung parenchyma. These would lend to the significant lessening in lung maps in the signifier of restrictive form as indicated in the present survey. Rajkumar studied the consequence of air pollution on respiratory system of car jinrikisha drivers i n Delhi. The survey found that ( 19 % ) drivers showed normal Pulmonary Function Test ( PFT ) . ( 80 % ) showed mild and moderate to terrible obstructor, of which ( 48 % ) were non-smokers and ( 52 % ) were tobacco users and the consequence concludes that car jinrikisha drivers have a high respiratory morbidity due to exposure to pollution.8 In a survey, reduced mechanical belongingss of take a breathing were attributed to exposure to benzene in the bluess of petrol9. Bijendra Kumar et Al examined the pneumonic map trial in three Wheeler Diesel cab drivers in Bikaner metropolis. They found restrictive damage in 87 % of survey group, of which 50 % were tobacco users and 37 % were non-smokers, assorted form ( both restrictive and early clogging damage ) was found in merely 13 % of survey group, of which 7 % were tobacco users and 5 % non-smoker. So they concluded that when all the five parametric quantities ( FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF 25-75 % and PEFR ) were taken together they were de clarative of assorted form ( clogging and restrictive ) lung impairments10. Chattopadhyay et al conducted a survey on garage workers, drivers and music directors of Kolkata metropolis to measure the pneumonic map position of these workers and found that FEV1, FEV1 % and flow rates, FEF 02-121, FEF25 % -75 % values showed gradual decrease as age and continuance of exposure increased11.From the present survey it was concluded that respiratory maps of car jinrikisha drivers who are continuously exposed to emanations from vehicles, gasoline vapour and dust were significantly reduced as compared to respiratory maps of age, weight and tallness matched control groups. Recommendation: To forestall the respiratory disfunction among car drivers, medical observation and periodic check-ups for pneumonic map trials should be performed. Control schemes should be adopted to cut down the vapour concentration in the air, like vapour adsorbents and to cut down the benzine concentration in the ambient air. Personal protective equipment must be worn by car jinrikisha drivers. Imparting wellness instruction to car jinrikisha drivers will forestall respiratory morbidity. Further long term position surveies on car jinrikisha drivers will assist in acquiring a comprehensive image of long term effects. Recognition: This research paper is made possible by the support from the participants of our survey. We dedicate our recognition of gratitude towards Mr.Shaik.Meera and Dr. Rashmi.C.G as they kindly read our paper and offered valuable elaborate advices on grammar, organisation, and subject of the paper. Finally, we unfeignedly thank Godhead, household and friends, who provided fiscal support and timely advice. How to cite The Pulmonary Function Tests Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Rock And Roll Essay Example For Students

Rock And Roll Essay In this essay, Im going to introduce to the reader a topic not touched a lot because of its complexity and its avoidance by conservative adults. This topic is, of course, Rock Music. During one week, I looked for information in the library and at my house, and from the information I gathered and my one knowledge about the topic, Im going to lead the reader to a better understanding of Rock n Roll. I chose to do Rock music because I can identify myself with it. Rock music is very complex. In fact Its stylistic scope is to broad to be encompassed by any single definition (Rock Music, Groliers, p.1). The nearest definition suggests a kind of music that represents and speaks for the teenage society. This music is characterized by using a heavy beat. In this essay, Im going to divide Rock music into four sections: Rock of the 50s, of the 60s, of the 70s and of the 80s. Within these sections Im also going to discuss several sub-topics such as famous composers and groups, and characteristic s of the music. The first section of this essay is Rock n Roll of the 1950s, when Rock n Roll was born. It emerged from rhythm and blues, a music similar to jazz played by blacks. This kind of music started to attract white teenagers. Disc jockey Alan Freed was the one who introduced this music and later gave it the name of Rock n Roll. Record companies distributed records played by whites but composed by blacks. Whites were frustrated because there werent any white artists and they didnt want the blacks to be the stars until Bill Haley appeared with his Rock Around the Clock. In this decade, Elvis Presley introduced a music that was sexual suggestive and outraged dull adults. In time he changed the style of the music by adopting a country and western style and became a national hero. By the end of this decade and the start of the next, Rock n Roll started to decline because it was formula ridden and it was too sentimental. Teenage audiences transferred their allegiance to Folk musi c. In 1963 the renewal of Rock n Roll came when The Beatles started to play. The Beatles, for some the best rock group ever, were from Liverpool, England. Through the 60s, The Beatles dominated the record industries and with their dominant instrumentation, which included: electric leads, rhythm, and bass guitar, drums and sometimes an electric organ, changed the name of Rock n Roll to just Rock. During the 1960s many other styles of music arose from Rock like, Motown, Soul music, Jazz-rock , Folk-rock and others. Folk-Rock the most appreciated of this derivations and was first suggested by Bob Dylan. This kind of music brought to folk music a hard beat and amplification; and to Rock, a new poetic style. California was one of the major centers of rock activity and experimentation during the decade. First it was characterize for its surfing music, a very joyful music that reflected the fun people had while surfing. The Beach Boys were the ones who introduced this kind of music. At the end of the century this happy kind of music changed to a more rebellious style that was designated the name of hippie music. Groups that played this music were Country Joe and The Mamas and The Papas. Along with this hippie ideas popularity of hallucinogenic drugs produced a psychedelic style of music called Acid Rock. By the end of the 60s the distinctions between Rock n Roll and Rock were evident. The early instruments- saxophone, piano, amplified guitar, and drums- had been changed to electric guitar and bass, amplified drums and other electronic devices. Not only did the instruments change but so did the ideas behind the music. For example, to the lyrics of teenage love and adolescent concerns were added social commentary, glorification of drugs and free-association poetry(Rock Music, Groliers, p.1). Groups like The Beach Boys, Crew Cuts and The Everly Brothers were replaced by more imaginative, non-descriptive names groups like The Who, Jefferson Airplane, Big Brother and Hold ing Company. The Who, the most famous of these groups, were originally from England and were reknowned because of their bizarre stage performances, they would destroy their instruments after their performance finished. The Who was one of the first rock groups. In the 70s, the common barriers of rock broke into more divisions, like hard rock and mellow rock. Hard Rock was extremely loud and electronically amplified and Mellow Rock was softer and with acoustic instruments. In 1972, in Jamaica, a new style of music was created called Reggae. Reggae is a mixture of rock, soul, calypso and Latin music. The king of Reggae was Bob Marley. Other styles more in rocks borders, since Reggae was more latin than rock, were created in the middle of this century, like: bubble gum rock, a funny playful music directed to the youngest fans, Punk Rock, a loud, hard rock style derived from acid rock and marked by its extremes of costume and staging (Rock Music, Encarta, p.1), and Heavy Metal, which con tinued the approach to Acid Rock but with a simpler musical dimension but relying upon the power of repetitiveness, loud volume, and electronic distortion. .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239 , .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239 .postImageUrl , .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239 , .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239:hover , .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239:visited , .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239:active { border:0!important; } .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239:active , .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239 .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc0ceefca9c423e5a43e1385dcfa74239:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: General Prologue: Human Dishonesty, Stupidity and Essay One famous group of Heavy Metal was Led Zeppelin, a British group that was formed in 1968 by Jimmy Page (lead guitar), Robert Plant (lead singer), John Paul Jones (pianist and bassist) and John Bonham (drummer). Most music of this decade was intended to be listened to, but not to be danced. But this intention wasnt kept by Disco music that arose in 1977 and was especially for dancing. One great group of Disco music were the Bee Gees. Disco music was described by rock fans as mechanical, commercial and unlyrical (which is true). At the end of this decade, rock, again became a dominant cultural force. The last but not least section of this essay is rock of the 80s. At the start of this last decade, rock groups became more production oriented, mainly because of the sudden explosion of videos. This new sensation was a good way to sell music to the people. Heavy metal bands were greatly pushed by videos, but most helped were the popular performers like Michael Jackson, Prince and Boy George. The influence of British bands of punk, disco, reggae and pop-rock was still big in the U.S. Rock scene. At the same time, there of nostalgia to return to the older pre rock music, like rhythm and blues, which was suggested by played by Elvis Costello. By the middle of the 80s, almost every country had begun to support indigenous music, and at the end of this a vigorous talk-song style called rap became extremely popular among urban black teenagers (Rock Music, Encarta, p.1.). Rock music taught me to appreciate things in a different way. Ive learned this since rock is not an exact science, it can change. In fact Rock music helps me relax ( I would have been able to finish writing this essay with rock music). After writing this essay I have learned the origins of rock and the branches of it, but that wasnt my intention. I wrote this essay to express myself with it because I feel I can show myself with rock music. I think rock has become social phenomenal.

Privacy and Homeland Security

Introduction Privacy of individuals is an issue of concern. This confidentiality is guaranteed under the Privacy Act of 1974, 5 USC 552a. Provisions of privacy of citizens guarantee every individual that his or her personal identification information should not be collected without legal authority.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Privacy and Homeland Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) along with policies and technology, are violating people’s right to privacy. The information collected about an individual by the federal government and its authorities should only be done with legal authorization. The Department of Homeland Security has gone ahead to maintain this information in a way that allows its access by unauthorized persons, groups, or institutions. In the common law, any person who is aggrieved by one who illegally intrudes into his o r her privacy discloses any personal information, or does false publication about people’s names can initiate a lawsuit. No one should be compelled to give his or her private information unless under the authority of the law in case of investigations. The Department of Homeland Security is charged with the responsibility of providing mechanisms to ensure security to all Americans. However, the need to ensure intelligence makes the department endeavor to collect personal information in diverse ways. As various agencies of the DHS collect information, privacy Acts require the department to provide that there is authority, purpose, routine, and disclosure regulation. There have been controversies about the way Homeland Security officers collect information from citizens. Various quarters have risen complains that the department collects Personally Identifiable Information (PII) without legal authority. The department has also been accused of illegal disclosure of personal inform ation. Therefore, this research proves that if privacy is subverted, with the DHS practices continuing to be under the umbrella of safety, civil rights will continue to diminish until they are non-existent. To support this thesis statement, the report will rely highly on the Privacy Act of 1974, the US Constitution, the Patriot Act, the National Defense Authorization Act, department policies and memorandums, scholarly journals and law reviews, E-Government Act of 2002, and the Federal Records Act among others. The findings will be useful in enhancing the application of contract laws since they reveal the instances when Personally Identifiable Information (PII) can be collected, revealed, or shared.Advertising Looking for research paper on homeland security? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research Questions This paper seeks to address the following questions: Why is the Department of Homeland Security violating citizens†™ constitutional rights in exchange for protection? Should the willingness to provide personally identifiable information (PII) be voluntary or mandatory by law? Hypothesis Based on the above research questions that have been raised on matters of privacy and homeland security, the paper hypothesizes that the United States citizens are willing to give up their right to privacy in the name of security. The willingness to provide personally identifiable information (PII) should be made voluntary by amending various US Acts on confidentiality. Review of Literature There is a wide range of theoretical and conceptual literature on the issue of privacy and homeland security. The security of the federation of the United States of America is the most critical issue on matters of national interest. The conceptual framework derives its force from the fourth amendment, which gives people the right to be free of any unwarranted search as Marc reveals1. Also, the fourteenth amendment gives th em the right to due process. According to Jacob, â€Å"the Harvard Law Review of 1890 provided the theoretical basis of the right  to privacy†2, which has been cited by many books and courts. Several former presidents of the United States of America have been assassinated in the past. Moreover, the September 2001 attack on the World Trade Center by terrorists caught the country off guard. Since the September 11 attack, the homeland security has intensified its security plans, as addressed in the National Defense Authorization Act.  According to William, the need to ensure the privacy of citizens resulted in the â€Å"formation of the privacy office in the Department of Homeland Security†3. Under the Privacy Act of 1974, the Department of Homeland Security is charged with the responsibility of protecting the privacy of all Americans. However, transparency in the Department of Homeland Security is also guaranteed under various Acts. William notes that transparency re gulates the adoption of different privacy rules in planning matters of security4. It also ensures that the technology adopted by various institutions, including the Department of Homeland Security, adheres to privacy regulations. The need for transparency recommends the Department of Homeland Security take fair information Practice principles (FIPPs) in its endeavor to ensure the privacy of citizens. The federal laws should also regulate the purpose for which personally identifiable information is to be obtained. Officers of the departments are restricted by the Privacy Act of 1974 from obtaining Personally Identifiable Information from citizens without the right authorization. However, the issue of security threats in the US has forced many Americans to give out much of their personal and/or private information in the name of securing themselves. This Act has tampered with their civil liberty. Civil liberty violations and privacy issues are emerging. One of the significant problems in matters of privacy is authorization. Paul and Daniel affirm that officers from the homeland security agencies that collect PII must have the right legal authority to carry out the duty5. Article 2 (10) of the Montana constitution directs that unauthorized persons cannot obtain personally identifiable information from any citizen in the United States.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Privacy and Homeland Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Officers from various defense bureaus must be authorized to obtain private information. Not all officers are allowed to collect personally identifiable information. However, many of them from multiple agencies within the DHS misuse their powers to violate the privacy rights by fostering relationships with the business sector and local law enforcement, as well as, using technology to invade people’s personal lives. They do not obtain executive order befo re carrying out duties related to matters of privacy. The Privacy Act 5 USC 552a protects every citizen under investigation by the homeland security by ensuring that all information that such security officers may obtain from him or her is used only for the legally authorized purpose. Besides, homeland security is restricted by the same Act to get only the necessary and related information. Elizabeth asserts that the need to ensure security and intelligence information should not be a reason to push people into giving out all their details6. Homeland security regulations on how to obtain information are spelled out in the Privacy Act of 1974, for example, the Privacy Act 1974, 5 USC, 552a (e) (3). All investigative bodies and agencies that seek intelligence information from various individuals are required by law to provide such individuals with the Privacy Act Statement. Collection of PII from an individual without his or her consent and/or the provision of the Privacy Act Statemen t is considered illegal. In fact, even when the homeland security wants to collect information for other purposes other than for storage, the Privacy Act statement must be issued to the respondent. The need to obtain such documents like the Privacy Act Statement has made many security agencies associate the regulations with obstacles towards speedy and free access to intelligence information. According to Jacob, many quarters of homeland security argue that homeland security officers should be allowed to access personal information from any individual without warning or consent7. The debate behind this school of thought is that as the security officers prepare the documents and/or issue them to the alleged criminals, the criminals are able to escape or adjust the information, hence tampering with the justice process. Privacy Acts have, therefore, been associated with obstruction of intelligence in the federation.  Another essential aspect of matters of privacy and homeland securit y is the storage of PII by the authorities in the name of security. The privacy Act regulates the disclosure of personal information by homeland security to other individuals or organizations.Advertising Looking for research paper on homeland security? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to William, personally identifiable information is supposed to be guarded in the best way possible to ensure that no unauthorized person is able to access it and that no wrong reasons, for instance, giving up some of the Americans’ rights in order to be safe and/or prevent another 9/118. Storage and routine management of information are also regulated by the Privacy Act. Not every person who works in homeland security can be trusted with private information. The persons on whom privacy information can be disclosed is also regulated by statutes such as Shine the Light Law (2005) SB 27 and CA Civil Code 1798.83). Such persons are adjusted based on whether they are within the homeland security department and/or the purpose for which they intend to use the information. The purpose of collecting personally identifiable information is also regulated by the Privacy Act of 1974. Authorization statements that are issued to various security officers are not issued without a c rucial purpose. Before authorization to obtain private information is issued by the homeland security, the Department of Homeland Security ensures that it can be able to cite factual leads that warrant investigation of a particular individual. The purpose for which personally identifiable information is obtained must also be made known to the Americans from whom the information is obtained. According to William, â€Å"Article 1, 1 CA SB 1386 of the California law provides that privacy is one of the inalienable rights†9. Therefore, information obtained must not be used for other purposes other than that which was disclosed to the person at the point of receiving it. The Act also regulates that PII information stored in the homeland security database should be deleted immediately after its use is over. However, one would wonder why the issue of security in the US should be used as a basis to lure Americans into unveiling that which they should keep sealed. Paul and Daniel affir m that proper disclosure of personally identifiable information should be carried out to avoid releasing it to unauthorized persons10. The ‘Shine the Light’ Law (2005) SB 27, CA Civil Code 1798.83 regulates the disclosure of any private information. Disclosure of personally identifiable information is another issue with privacy and homeland security. Should disclosure of PII be voluntary or mandatory? The Privacy Act of 1974 directs that private information should be obtained in a deliberate manner. However, the Act gives exceptions that disclosure can be mandatory. A duty to provide information is imposed by the federal statute. Elizabeth asserts that compulsory disclosure of information can also be warranted by an order from the executive11. In addition, the US Constitution and the Patriot Acts also warrant for mandatory disclosure of information by an individual. Moreover, persons who are required by various statutes to disclose information are liable for punishment by law if they fail to provide such information. Persons who refuse to offer information that is much required by homeland security are denied some of the privileges and benefits guaranteed by the US constitution. I  t is out of such clauses in the Privacy Act that the human rights organizations and human rights activists in America have raised protests. The claim is that obtaining information from any individual through forceful means contravenes the bill of rights. Elizabeth asserts that proper use of the privacy statutes will be of importance to the contract law12. It will be possible to prevent intrusion of solitude and misuse of powers to intrude into Americans’ private details in the name of heightening their security. Article 2 (10) of the Montana constitution guarantees the right to personal privacy. Privacy laws will ensure that no agency will be allowed to force its way to another in terms of electronics or even physically. It will also be illegal for homeland sec urity to disclose a private fact. Currently, there have been arguments around disclosure of truthful facts about a person. Methodology The research will adopt a descriptive survey method. The study will rely on first-hand data that will be collected through direct interviews on a representative sample of security officers, legal officers, and citizens. An example of 100 security officers from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), 50 judicial officers practicing in various states of the United States, and 100 citizens of the United States will be used. 250 people will be taken as a good representative sample from the whole population involved in matters of privacy and homeland security. The interviews will be conducted by issuing a questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions. The resultant data will then be coded and presented in the form of tables and analyzed in graphs. Data Presentation Table 1.0 Ways in which Homeland Security interferes with privacy in America Stakeholders in privacy and homeland security/Factor of privacy Security officers (out of 100) Percentage Legal officers (out of 50) Percentage Citizens (out of 100) Percentage Unauthorized access to PII 54 54% 40 80% 88 88% Unexplained Purpose of PII 88 88% 46 92% 90 90% Illegal disclosure of PII 40 40% 24 48% 30 30% Mandatory provision of PII 60 60% 45 90% 88% 88% Graph 1.0 Table 1.0 Ways in which Homeland Security interferes with privacy in America Analysis Table 1.0 indicates various ways in which homeland security interferes with privacy in the name of securing the Americans’ life. From table 1.0, security officers rated access to personally identifiable information without legal authorization at 54%, 80% by licensed practitioners, and 88% by ordinary citizens. The indication is that security officers who thought that the privacy of individuals was interfered with were the least while most of the citizens believed that unauthorized way of obtaining PII prof oundly interfered with their privacy. In the same way, 80% of legal practitioners were for the same idea. A staggering 88% of the citizens who are the primary victims of a violation of privacy thought that the police threatened their security without authorization in the name of securing them. The implication is that homeland security officers do not obtain legal authority in most cases before intruding into individuals’ privacy by collecting personally identifiable information. Graph 1.0 also shows that homeland security violates privacy laws by carrying out unexplained purpose searches. Both table 1.0 and figure 1.0 indicate that 88% of the homeland security officers, 92% of the legal officers, and 90% of the ordinary citizens responded that security officers did not explain the purpose of the personally identifiable information that they obtained from the citizens. An average of 90% of the population sample that the research adopted believed that homeland security violated the Privacy Act of 1974 by obtaining Personally Identifiable Information without explaining its purpose to the suspects. All respondents rated violation of privacy through unexplained investigations above average. Graph 1.0 further shows that 88% of security officers who carry out the investigations did not find importance in explaining the reason for inquiries to the suspect as William reveals13. Therefore, they violated the terms of the Privacy Act. A higher 90% of the ordinary citizens affirmed that homeland security officers violated their right to privacy through unexplained searches where they were required to provide personally identifiable information. From graph 1.0, the highest score of 92% was obtained from legal practitioners who responded that they had witnessed violation of privacy laws from officers who did not explain the purpose of investigation to the victims. able 1.0 also indicates that 40% of homeland security officers, 48% of legal officers, and 30% of the ord inary citizens believed that privacy rights in America were being violated by homeland security by disclosure of personally identifiable information. Graph 1.0 shows that all the ratings of privacy violation by homeland security through exposure were below average. In fact, the ordinary civilians rated it at a staggering 30%, with security officers rating it as low as 40% while lawyers rated it at 48%. The average rating of violation of privacy through disclosure was at 39%. We can interpret that violation of privacy rights through disclosure of PII was below average in America. From table 1.0, it is clear that 60% of the homeland security officers responded that privacy rights of American might have been violated in cases of mandatory provision of PII. 90% of the legal practitioners thought that the privacy of individuals was violated through the fundamental ways of obtaining PII. 88% of the civilians also responded that violation of privacy was enhanced through effective methods o f obtaining personally identifiable information. An average of 79% of the population believed that the mandatory provision of PII was one of the prominent ways of violating privacy in America. It is therefore clear from graph 1.0 that the privacy rights of American citizens are being violated through the mandatory provision of PII, which is provided for in the 1974 Privacy Act. The claim is that the violation is legal since it is provided for by the Privacy Act itself. It is therefore recommended that the Act be amended to abolish mandatory provision of PII, failure to which civilians will be punished by law. Table 2.0 Exchanging privacy with protection Opinion/stakeholder Yes Percentage No Percentage Indifferent Percentage Security officers (out of 100) 4 4% 92 92% 4 4% Legal officers (out of 50) 40 40% 50 50% 10 10% Ordinary citizens (out of 100) 20 20% 76 76% 4 4% Graph 2.0 Privacy and security: not interchangeable Table 2.0 and graph 2.0 verify the claims of whether security matters should be used as a basis of tampering with people’s privacy. From graph 2.0, we see that 4% of security officers, 40% of legal officers, and 20% of civilians (an average of 51%) believed that privacy should not be exchanged with security. Intimacy does not hinder the security apparatus from obtaining intelligence information. Therefore, Americans should not give out their details in exchange for security. This may be attributed to the fact that unless the security apparatus obtains authorization to obtain PII, they should not investigate a suspect. The time taken to get approval does not interfere with the quality of evidence that the intelligence can gather, hence refuting the claim that lack of some private details obstructs security intelligence. Approval by an average of 51% of the population can be interpreted that privacy laws do not obstruct the process of obtaining intelligence security information. Therefore, officers should not just abuse their ma ndates by interfering with the privacy of people by seeking unnecessary personal details. Moreover, graph 2.0 shows that 92% of security officers, 50% of legal practitioners, and 76% of civilians were opposed to the idea of obstruction of security by privacy laws. An average of 43% of the population did not believe that privacy hinders security. We can deduce that there was no considerable obstruction of security by privacy laws since the rating under this question was below average. Another 4% of security officers, 10% of legal officers, and 4% of civilians were indifferent of the issue of privacy and homeland security. This was an average of 5% of the population. Conclusion The research was set to investigate the issue of privacy and homeland security. The research hypothesized that the DHS uses and/or abuses policies and technology to invade peoples’ private lives and personal privacy. Through primary research, the researchers realized that there was considerable truth in this hypothesis since the above average population in America affirmed this idea. As such, the willingness to provide personally identifiable information (PII) should be made voluntary by the amendment of various Acts on privacy. The research also upheld the hypothesis since the analysis of data indicated that the current Privacy Act of 1974 allowed violation of privacy under the disguise of mandatory provision of information. The fact that an officer had authorization allowed him or her to use punishment and deprivation of rights and privileges to obtain PII from a civilian. The research, therefore, concludes that the Act should be amended to embrace full privacy under the first amendment and the 19th amendment of the American law, which positions privacy as an inalienable human right. References Elizabeth Uzelae, Reviving the Privacy Protection Act of 1980, 107 Northwestern University L. Rev. 1437 (2013). Jacob Strahilevitz, Toward A Positive Theory of Privacy Law, 126 Harvard L. Rev. 2010 (2013). Marc Blitz, The Fourth Amendment Future of Public Surveillance: Remote Recording and other searches in Public Space, 21 American University L. Rev. 63 (2013). Paul Schwartz, and Daniel Solove, The PII Problem: Privacy and A New Concept of Personally Identifiable Information, 86 New York University L. Rev. 1814 (2011). William Mitchell, National Security: Part I: Five Questions on National Security Law: Responses to the Five Questions, 38 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 1564 (2012). William Prosser, Privacy, 48 California L. Rev. 383 (1960). Footnotes 1 Marc Blitz, The Fourth Amendment Future of Public Surveillance: Remote Recording and other searches in Public Space, 21 American University L. Rev. 63 (2013) 2 Jacob Strahilevitz, Toward A Positive Theory of Privacy Law, 126 Harvard L. Rev. 2010 (2013), 2010 3 William Prosser, Privacy, 48 California L. Rev. 383 (1960), 383 4 Ibid, 383 5 Paul Schwartz, and Daniel Solove, The PII Problem: Privacy and A New Concept of Personally I dentifiable Information, 86 New York University L. Rev. 1814 (2011), 1814 6 Elizabeth Uzelae, Reviving the Privacy Protection Act of 1980, 107 Northwestern University L. Rev. 1437 (2013), 1437 7 Jacob Strahilevitz, Toward A Positive Theory of Privacy Law, 126 Harvard L. Rev. 2010 (2013), 2010 8 William Prosser, Privacy, 48 California L. Rev. 383 (1960), 383 9 William Prosser, Privacy, 48 California L. Rev. 383 (1960), 383 10 Paul Schwartz, and Daniel Solove, The PII Problem: Privacy and A New Concept of Personally Identifiable Information, 86 New York University L. Rev. 1814 (2011), 1814 11 Elizabeth Uzelae, Reviving the Privacy Protection Act of 1980, 107 Northwestern University L. Rev. 1437 (2013) 12 Elizabeth Uzelae, Reviving the Privacy Protection Act of 1980, 107 Northwestern University L. Rev. 1437 (2013), 1437 13 William Mitchell, National Security: Part I: Five Questions on National Security Law: Responses to the Five Questions, 38 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 1564 (2012) This research paper on Privacy and Homeland Security was written and submitted by user GhostRider to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Learn More about the Bright Star Sirius

Learn More about the Bright Star Sirius Sirius, also known as the Dog Star, is the brightest star in our night-time sky. Its also  the sixth closest star to Earth, at a distance of  8.6 light-years. (A light-year is the distance that light travels in a year). The name Sirius comes from the ancient Greek word for scorching and it has fascinated observers throughout human history because of its brightness and colorful twinkling. Astronomers began seriously studying Sirius in the 1800s, and continue to do so today. It is usually noted on star maps and charts as alpha Canis Majoris, the brightest star in the constellation Canis Major (the Big Dog).  Sirius is visible from most parts of the world (except for very northerly or southerly regions), and can sometimes be seen during the day if conditions are right.   The Science of Sirius The astronomer Edmond Halley observed Sirius in 1718 and determined its proper motion (that is, its actual motion through space). More than a century later, astronomer William Huggins measured the  actual velocity  of Sirius by taking a spectrum of its light, which revealed data about its speed. Further measurements showed that this star is actually moving toward the Sun at a velocity of about 7.6 kilometers per second.   Astronomers long suspected that Sirius might have a companion star. It would be hard to spot since Sirius itself is so bright. But, they kept looking for it. In 1844, F.W. Bessel used analysis of its motion to determine that Sirius really did have a companion. That discovery was finally confirmed by telescope observations in 1862. The companion is called Sirius B, and it is the first white dwarf  (an aged type of star) with a spectrum to show a gravitational redshift as predicted by the general theory of relativity.   There are stories floating around that some early civilizations saw this companion without the aid of a telescope. It would have been very hard to see unless the companion was very bright. So, its not clear what the ancients saw. However, current scientists are quite interested in learning more about Sirius A and B. More recent observations with Hubble Space Telescope have measured both of the stars, and revealed that Sirius B is only about the size of Earth, but has the mass close to that of the Sun.   Comparing Sirius Itself to the Sun Sirius A, which is what we see with the naked eye, is about twice as massive as our Sun. It is also 25 times more luminous than our star. Over time, and as it gets closer to the solar system in the far distant fugure, it will also increase in brightness. Thats part of its evolutionary path.  While our Sun is about 4.5 billion years old, Sirius A and B are thought to be no more than 300 million years old and so their story is yet to be told. Why is Sirius Called the Dog Star?   This star has earned the name Dog Star from an interesting time in Earths past. One reason its called that is that its the brightest star in Canis Major. However, theres a more interesting idea about its name: it was also incredibly important to stargazers in the ancient world for its prediction of seasonal change. For example, in the time of the Pharoahs in Egypt, people watched for Sirius to rise just before the Sun did. That marked the season when the Nile would flood, and bathe the nearby farms with mineral-rich silt.  The Egyptians made a ritual of looking for Sirius at the right time- it was that important to their society. The rumor goes that this time of year, typically late summer, came to be known as the Dog Days of summer, particularly in Greece, when people began looking for the Dog star just before sunrise. The Egyptians and Greeks werent the only ones interested in this star. Ocean-going explorers also used it as a celestial marker, helping them navigate around the worlds seas. For example, to the Polynesians, who have been accomplished navigators for centuries, Sirius was known as Aa and it was part of a complex set of navigational star lines the islanders used to voyage up and down the Pacific between Tahitian islands and Hawaii.   Today, Sirius is a favorite of stargazers, and enjoys many mentions in science fiction, song titles, and literature. It appears to twinkle madly, although thats really a function of its light passing through Earths atmosphere, particularly when the star is low on the horizon.      Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.